Commissions & Tribunals
Tribunal is a quasi-judicial institution that is set up to deal with problems such as resolving administrative or tax-related disputes. It performs a number of functions like adjudicating disputes, determining rights between contesting parties, making an administrative decision, reviewing an existing administrative decision, and so forth. A Tribunal, generally, is any person or institution having an authority to judge, adjudicate on, or to determine claims or disputes – whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title.
ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNALS
Administrative Tribunals was set up by an act of Parliament, Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985. It adjudicates disputes and complaints with respect to recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to the public service and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union and the States. Whenever a complaint regarding the government appointment is in question one must go to the Administrative tribunals. If the matter is related to employment at the union then the redressal unit is Central Administrative Tribunal and if it is related to the state then the state administrative Tribunal.
ARMED FORCE TRIBUNALS
As the name suggests, any matter related to armed forces goes to this tribunal. An appeal against the order of court-martial, bail application related to military offences. All the criminal matters related to armed forces are dealt with at AFT. They are also responsible for the adjudication of complaints with respect to commission, appointments, enrolments, and conditions of service in respect of a person subject. It was established under the Armed Forces Tribunal Act, 2007.
NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL
NGT is solely established to deal efficiently and effectively with matters related to environmental issues. They are responsible for hearing the civil cases which involve the question of environmental laws. Any governmental order which is against the environmental laws can be challenged at NGT. They are also responsible for reviewing their own orders under Rule.22
NATIONAL COMPANY LAW TRIBUNAL
Proceedings related to the arbitration, compromise, arrangement and reconstruction can be transferred to NCLT. Petitions relating to winding up on grounds of inability to pay debt and others shall also be filed at NCLT. In conclusion, NCLT is responsible for dealing with the cases that come under companies act and the Insolvency and bankruptcy code.
DEBT RECOVERY TRIBUNAL
DRT are specially established to deal with the bank defaulters. When the security amount is more than 10 Lakh and the payable amount is more than 20% the proceedings are initiated at the DRT. The case is filed by the financial institution against the loan bearer.